But if you need more sophisticated networking features, there is a host of open-source network switches or firewall solutions that can be run as virtual appliances: Open vSwitch (OvS), pfSense, Vyos, and OPNsense to name just a few. If you are learning networking concepts, the simplest solution is leveraging the virtual networking capabilities of a hypervisor.
If so, some vendors-for example Juniper with its vLabs! and Cisco with its Cisco Packet Tracer-provide cloud-based lab environments with at least some access for free. If you need vendor-specific networking hardware, that can run into thousands of dollars, which may be prohibitive. This is especially true if you’re seeking vendor certification on specific devices. But if you’re interested in networking at Layers 1, 2 and 3, you’ll need some physical networking hardware such as routers, switches, or hardware firewalls.
If you’re focused on applications, server environments, automation, or identity management, a server for hosting virtual environments may suffice. Start by identifying your learning goals and figuring out the hardware and software they’ll require. Hands-on experience with network hardware and software can solidify certification-test concepts or let you practice skills that may be part of a cert exam, and the process can be helped along by use of a home lab.
